DRP NB 130524: Unreliable Hydropower poses new challenges for India (2024)

(Feature Image: NHPC’s under construction 2000 Mw Subansiri Lower Hydro Power Project. Source: PIB, JUne 2023)

As per this Reuters report based on official information and statements, in June 2024 India will face the biggest peak hour power shortfall in 14 years, mainly due to the slump in hydropower generation. This is the result of not only pushing hydropower projects over the decades, but also not taking any steps to optimize peaking power generation from existing hydro or doing anything worthwhile to manage peak load. India’s hydropower generation had steepest fall in four decades in the year ending on March 31 2024, which was another reason not on rely on unreliable hydropower projects. The regular and frequent disasters that we see connected with hydropower projects in almost every month and more frequently in monsoons should be another reason in this regard.

But most importantly, this should be yet another reason not to push unjustifiable, destructive, economically unviable hydropower projects that not only increase the disaster potential of mountain regions, but also are inappropriate in the context of climate change.

India projects biggest power shortfall in 14 years in June India is projecting its biggest power shortfall in 14 years in June after a slump in hydropower generation, its government told Reuters, and is racing to avoid outages by deferring planned plant maintenance and re-opening idled units. India’s hydroelectricity output fell at the steepest pace in four decades in the year ended March 31. Grid administrator Grid-India projects maximum night-time demand of 235 GW in June, the statement said. The power ministry last month invoked emergency rights for the first time to direct gas-based and imported coal-based power plants to operate at full capacity. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/india-projects-biggest-power-shortfall-14-years-june-2024-05-09/ (09 May 2024)

SANDRP Blog May 2024: Lambadug HEP Leak Disaster in Kangral The incident requires a serious independent probe to thoroughly investigate the leakage episode, construction of the project, particularly building of penstock pipe and structures on tunnel debris. The government also needs to prepare an emergency plan to avoid the unfolding man-made disaster in the area.

It is clear that the Himachal Pradesh hydropower development departments, the dam safety department and the disaster management department have all be negligent, callous and possibly worse. There is urgent need to review the functioning of each of these institutes and also review the disaster management plan of all the hydropower projects of Himachal Pradesh. https://sandrp.in/2024/05/12/may-2024-lambadug-hep-leak-disaster-in-kangra-himachal/ (12 May 2024)

Himachal Pradesh A preliminary fact-finding report on the Lambadug hydroproject disaster by Himdhara Environment Research and Action Collective file:///C:/Users/ABCD/Downloads/Lambadug%20hydropower%20disaster%20FF%20Report%2013th%20May_Final.pdf (May 2024)

Multhan incident: 2 days on, relief & rehab work yet to begin Senior officials of KU Hydropower Project company reached Multhan last night (May 12)from Hyderabad. The floodwater has damaged 50 houses, shops, hotels and restaurants in the Multhan market. Besides, the Multhan branch of Punjab National Bank, tehsil office, the state government’s fair price shop, a BSNL telephone exchange and the office of Horticulture Officer have suffered extensive damage.

-Many villagers claimed that the penstock had been leaking for one year while it was in the testing stage. Though the company had repaired the penstock, it burst due to the poor quality of construction, they said. Due to intermittent rain in the upper areas, water is now entering the market. No efforts have been made by the administration so far to remove the debris or divert the flow of water towards Uhl river. The incident has led to panic in the area, with villagers demanding action against the project management.

-The DSP said a FIR had already been registered and investigation into the incident was underway. The police were procuring documents from the company as well as from the state departments as part of the probe. He said no arrest had been made so far. “Technical glitches and other shortcomings will also be looked into during the investigation. Officials from the Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited will assist the probe,” the Baijnath SDM added. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/multhan-incident-2-days-on-relief-rehab-work-yet-to-begin-620632 (13 May 2024)

Green groups seek audit of hydro projects In a letter to CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, coordinator, Himalaya Niti Abhiyan (HNA), Guman Singh stated that such incidents had occurred in over a dozen hydro projects in the last around one decade. “There is an urgent need to carry out a safety audit of all the hydro projects, commissioned and under-construction. On the basis of the safety audit, new measures can be taken to ensure the safety of the citizens,” read the letter. The HNA also demanded a time-bound inquiry into the Lambadug hydro project water leakage. “This incident should be treated as a criminal offence and all negligent officials should be charged. Also, the project proponent must pay compensation and bear the cost of providing relief to the victims,” the letter mentioned. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/flooding-of-kangra-village-green-groups-seek-audit-of-hydro-projects/articleshow/110065228.cms (13 May 2024)

Akshay, a former Zila Parishad member) said, “The Leakage in the penstock (a pipe carrying water from the reservoir to the turbine for power generation) of the power project was observed on Friday (May 10) morning and it blasted around 9 pm leading to extensive damage to houses, shops and fields damaging standing crops as huge boulders, slush and muddy water covered the area.” Blaming the Directorate of Energy of the state government for not carrying proper security checks before commencement of power generation in the project, he also raised a finger at the apathy of the management of the power project for not taking adequate steps to avert the blast. https://himachalguardian.com/2024/05/action-demanded-against-the-power-company-after-extensive-damage-in-chhota-bengal/ (12 May 2024)

Uttarakhand हेलंग में NTPC की साइट पर तटबंध टूटे ऊंचाई वाले क्षेत्रों में तेज बारिश होने से अचानक अलकनंदा नदी का जलस्तर बढ़ गया। इससे एनटीपीसी की ओर से हेलंग में बनाए जा रहे पावर हाउस में बने तटबंध टूट गए। गनीमत रही कि कोई बड़ा हादसा नहीं हुआ। वहीं, तटबंध बनाने वाली मशीनों को सुरक्षित निकालने के लिए मजदूरों को काफी मशक्कत करनी पड़ी। बताया जा रहा है कि आपदा के दौरान यहां पर बनाए गए तटबंध टूट चुके थे, जिनका फिर से निर्माण कार्य चल रहा था। लेकिन आज फिर से तटबंध टूट गए। इस दौरान साइट पर अफरा-तफरी का माहौल रहा। https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-chamoli-news-water-level-of-alaknanda-rises-due-to-heavy-rain-ntpc-embankment-broken-2024-05-06 (06 May 2024)

श्रमिकों ने भागकर बचाई जान एनटीपीसी की निर्माणाधीन 520 Mw तपोवन-विष्णुगाड जल विद्युत परियोजना की हेलंग अणिमठ स्थित पावर हाउस साइट पर सोमवार (May 06) को अचानक अलकनंदा नदी का जलस्तर बढ़ गया। एक दर्जन से अधिक श्रमिकों ने समय रहते भागकर अपनी जान बचाई। नदी का जलस्तर बढ़ने से सुरक्षा निर्माण कार्यों के साथ ही संबंधित कंपनी की मशीनों व अन्य सामान को भी नुकसान पहुंचा है। https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/chamoli-uttarakhand-news-raw-embankments-washed-away-due-to-rise-in-water-level-of-alaknanda-in-chamoli-workers-saved-their-lives-by-running-away-23712487.html (07 May 2024)

Arunachal Pradesh PAPF to not allow work for Etalin HEP until compensation is paid The Project Affected People Forum (PAPF) of the 3,097 MW Etalin Hydroelectric Project (HEP) in Dibang Valley district undertaken by the SJVN Limited, has declared that no work under the project will be allowed to be carried out until compensation is paid to the affected people. “No compensation, no work. We demand that the compensation be paid immediately, without further delay, and at the same time we are making it clear that we will not be allowing any sort of activity within the project-affected area until the payment of compensation as per the provisions of the LARR Act, 2013,” the forum said. It said: “Our rightful compensation is not being paid to us despite approval of the land acquisition award by the GoAP, which has already been forwarded to the executing agency, ie, the SJVN Ltd, for deposition.” https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/05/08/forum-says-will-not-allow-work-for-etalin-hep-until-compensation-is-paid/ (07 May 2024)

Sikkim CCI approves acquisition of additional shares in Sikkim Urja Ltd The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the acquisition of additional shares in Sikkim Urja Limited (formerly Teesta Urja Limited) by Greenko Energies Private Limited.

– Greenko Energies is a limited liability company incorporated in India. It is an (indirectly) wholly-owned subsidiary of Greenko Mauritius. Greenko Mauritius is wholly-owned by Greenko Energy Holdings (GEH), a company incorporated in Mauritius, which is the holding company of the Greenko group of companies. GEH is an investment holding company, having its investments in a portfolio of companies engaged in the power generation sector in India.

– Sikkim Urja is a special purpose vehicle incorporated for the purpose of the implementation of the 1200 MW hydro power project in North Sikkim. Detailed order of the CCI will follow. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2019893 (07 May 2024)

Jammu & Kashmir NDMA team initiates survey of land subsidence in Ramban The team is conducting a thorough examination of the reasons behind the land subsidence and the future threats in the area. Prof Kanungo said the committee would submit a comprehensive report to the ministry suggesting measures for the sustainable development of the area. The team will propose precautions to prevent future losses caused by mudflow slides. Additionally, the team is evaluating the feasibility of habitation and agricultural activities in the future. The experts advised against entering the affected area for agricultural or habitation purposes until it is declared safe and stabilised. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/ndma-team-initiates-survey-of-land-subsidence-in-ramban-619684 (09 May 2024)

Unplanned constructions, wastewater seepage causing land subsidence Experts suggest that unscientific liquid waste management is one of the reasons for land subsidence in the Parnote area of Ramban, which is densely populated. However, many experts also point out that chaotic construction and large-scale development projects, such as the construction of tunnels, highways, and railways, have had an impact on the mountains surrounding the Ramban area, making them more susceptible to landslides and land subsidence.

-Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Line project has been undertaken in the region, said local resident Sanjeev Kumar. “The mountains have been subjected to blasting over the last 10 years, causing considerable disturbance. Furthermore, a large amount of tunnelling and construction waste has been dumped into the Chenab river, leading NGT to penalise a construction company for this offence. In many places, the water flow of the Chenab river has been obstructed, impacting the mountains. This disruption to the river’s natural course could also contribute to land subsidence,” Kumar said. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/urbanisation/unplanned-constructions-wastewater-seepage-causing-land-subsidence-in-chenab-valley-95986 (06 May 2024)

THDC has invited bids for the development of 600 MW to 2,000 MW on/off stream pumped storage projects on a turnkey basis with operation and maintenance for 15 years in various states in India. The scope of work includes selecting sites, conducting all relevant studies and investigations, and preparing preliminary feasibility reports and detailed project reports. The responsibilities also include obtaining statutory approvals, establishing grid connectivity, and ensuring power evacuation up to the pooling point. The projects are expected to be commissioned within five years from the letter of award. This timeline includes approximately 1.5 to 2 years for activities such as DPR preparation, land acquisition, studies, and thorough engineering. The construction period is estimated to take 3 to 3.5 years. https://www.mercomindia.com/thdc-invites-bids-for-pumped-storage-projects (10 May 2024)

MoEF Decisions of the meeting of EAC on River Valley Projects held on Apr 29 2024:

1. Chichlik Pumped Storage Hydro Project (1560 MW) in 317.6 Ha at Village Argarh, Chichli, Khuraila and Pokharriya, Sub District Robertsganj, District Sonbhadra (Uttar Pradesh) by Avaada Waterbattery Pvt Ltd – Reconsideration of Terms of Reference: Approved

2. Shirawta Off Stream Open Loop Pumped Storage Project (1800 MW) in 197.9 ha (change in land use with increase in forest area from 60.10 ha to 160.783 ha) at Village Khandshi, Tehsil Maval, Dist Pune, Mah by The Tata Power Company Ltd – For Amendment in Terms of References: APPROVED

3. Kalai II Hydro Electric Project (Run-of-the-River) of 1200 MW in 1100 Ha in Tehsil Hawai Town, Dist Anjaw, Arunachal Pradesh by THDC India Ltd – For Terms of Reference: More Info Sought

4. Malshej Ghat Bhorande Pumped Storage Project of capacity 1500 MW (change in capacity and land area) at village Adoshi & Bhorande, Tehsil Junnar & Murbad, Dist Pune & Thane (Mah) by Adani Green Energy Ltd-Amendment in Terms of Reference: Approved

5. Conventional barrage across the River Tapi in 36.03 ha. at Tehsil – Surat City, Dist – Surat, Gujarat by Surat Municipal Corp – For clarification: More Info Sought.

6. Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Project (1000 MW) in Dist-Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh by JSW Hydro Energy Ltd- MDC (multi disciplinary Committee) constitution: MDC TORs suggested. https://parivesh.nic.in/utildoc/66590421_1715236014369.pdf

DAMS

SANDRP Blog May 2024: Questions about NDSA interim report on Kaleshwram project The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) Chairman Shri Anil Jain has through a letter dated May 1, 2024, sent an interim report of the NDSA committee to the Telangana govt. The 16 page interim report titled: “RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE INTERIM MEASURES AND FURTHER STUDIES/INVESTIGATIONS TO BE TAKEN UP BY IRRIGATION & CAD DEPARTMENT, BEFORE THE ONSET OF COMING MONSOON” came as an annexure to the letter addressed to Rahul Bojja, Irrigation and Command Area Department (I & CAD) of Govt of Telangana.

The six member NDSA committee chaired by former Central Water Commission (CWC) J Chandrasekhar Iyer (strangely, the report or the letter does not mention the name of the chair or members of the committee) was constituted on March 2, 2024. The committee visited Telangana and project site on March 6-9. The committee also held meeting with the key persons in Hyderabad on March 20-22 and in Delhi on Apr 3-4 and has submitted the interim report on the request of Telangana govt so that necessary steps can be taken before the South West Monsoon 2024 to minimise further damage to the three dams called Medigadda, Annaram and Sundilla. https://sandrp.in/2024/05/08/may-2024-questions-about-ndsa-interim-report-on-kaleshwaram-dam-disaster/ (08 May 2024)

Kaleshwaram Project No use in repairing Medigadda barrage: NDSA report The interim report of the expert committee constituted by the NDSA stated that there would be no use, even if repairs were carried out to the damaged piers of Medigadda. “Under the given circ*mstances, any remedial measure for Block No-7 would be an interim measure only, primarily to maintain the status quo of distressed condition. However, it is pertinent to mention that the possibility of any further unexpected movement or behaviour of structure in such a highly distressed condition cannot be ruled out, despite interim measures,” the report stated. Though the committee recommended certain interim measures on three barrages before the onset of monsoon, it might not be possible, as Godavari may start receiving floodwater in the next four weeks. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/May/08/no-use-in-repairing-medigadda-barrage-ndsa-panel-report (08 May 2024)

Pre-monsoon Protection Not for the Faint-Hearted Among the many things that the NDSA said the irrigation and command area development department will need to deploy unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with high-resolution cameras to map the surface cracks of the entire barrage structures, river cross sections at 100-meter intervals up to 5 km on the upstream and downstream sides of the barrages along with bathymetric studies, use of optical devices to measure any shifts, including microshifts, in the structures, and use of ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography equipment.

– The report laid out a long series of steps that must be taken as interim measures before the onset of the coming monsoon, which include steps to be taken to raise eight radial gates in Block 7 that have been stuck. Raising of these gates is critical before Godavari flows rise with the barrage located after the confluence of Godavari with Pranahita river as, according to irrigation engineers, these gates in Block 7 lie towards the middle of the barrage and the flow of water, guided by the elevated banks of the river, could be the strongest towards the centre of the river.

– Some of the NDSA recommendations for Medigadda, Annaram, and Sundilla barrages

1. Repair the upstream and downstream sides of the aprons whose surfaces were either washed away or damaged in previous floods;

2. Replace the entire flood dissipation structures on the downstream side along the entire length of the barrages;

3. Drill boreholes at specified intervals to specified depths to study the sub-surface situation and strength of the barrage structures;

4. ‘Ground trimming’ at the barrages on both upstream and downstream sides to ensure smooth flow of water through the gates;

– Specific steps at Medigadda:

1. Monitoring of cracks to the accuracy of +/- 1 mm for continuous monitoring of movement across all cracks in piers and raft floor;

2. Construct girder/truss or box girders with bracing systems to prevent any further tilting of damaged piers;

3. Drive sheet pile immediately after the downstream plinth slabs to a depth of 9 metres after completing geophysical investigations;

4. Completely remove radial gates 20, and 21 in Block 7 at Medigadda either by dismantling, and or cutting them, and remove all the dismantled portions. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/kaleshwaram-barrages-pre-monsoon-protection-not-for-the-faint-hearted-892941 (08 May 2024)

NDSA suggests repairs, removal of gates at 3 affected barrages The NDSA has suggested to the Telangana govt that various measures be taken before this monsoon, including the removal of gates and cement concrete (CC) blocks, both upstream and downstream, under Block 7 of the Medigadda barrage, which had suffered maximum damage and is in a ‘highly distressed condition’. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ndsa-report-suggests-repairs-removal-of-gates-at-three-affected-barrages/articleshow/109931142.cms (08 May 2024)

NDSA interim report specifies measures to maintain status quo The NDSA interim report has not ruled out the possibility of any further unexpected movement/behaviour of the “structure in highly distressed condition”. In case of the Block-7 of Medigadda the panel suggested crack monitoring, bracing piers 16 to 22 adequately at appropriate locations to arrest any likely lateral movement and rectification/replacement of defective/damaged pressure release valves in the raft.

– Also suggested was installation of optical targets — one each at upstream and downstream and at the middle on all piers in the Block for continuous monitoring and recording, assessment of upstream and downstream secant pile and parametric joint, removal of plinth slab which has been settled/displaced/damaged, compacting of river bed properly and placing of sand-filled bags against the vertical face of the plinth slab. In order to avoid/minimise hydraulic force on gates as well as the structure, all gates of Block-7 are to be lifted to fully open position after proper checking of all their components. The report has suggested several steps in respect of radial gates from 15 to 22 in the Block which are not opening due to sinking of piers. Further, the panel has recommended separate measures in case of Blocks 1-6 and 8.

– In the case of Annaram and Sundilla barrages too, the NDSA experts’ committee has recommended measures to avoid/minimise hydraulic force on all gates as well as the structures and also lift fully open all gates before the onset of monsoon. The panel wants the Irrigation Department to remove the first four rows of the downstream cement-concrete blocks on entire length of barrages and also compact the river bed. In case of the CC blocks beyond first four rows, it sought removal of settled/displaced/damaged ones.

– Removal of sand heaps accumulated in front of the Annaram Barrage bay raft suitably by adhering to the Irrigation Department norms to clear the waterway and removal of all other obstructions including leftover debris, boulders, dead concrete, sheet piles and, sediment deposits to ensure smooth and even distribution of water flow through the barrage is also recommended.

– In its 17-page report, the NDSA panel has also recommended further studies and investigation before the onset of monsoon to ascertain the reasons leading to the sinking of Medigadda Barrage piers, causes of other distresses in all the three barrages, certain geophysical and geotechnical tests in Medigadda area as well as some specific tests to assess the structural integrity. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ndsa-interim-report-specifies-measures-to-maintain-status-quo-prevent-further-damage-to-medigadda/article68149980.ece (07 May 2024)

NDSA submits first report recommending interim measures for Medigadda Quoting reports received from the Irrigation Department, the Committee said 77 out of 85 radial gates in Medigadda Barrage have been successfully lifted. However, problems were encountered while lifting the remaining radial gates No.15 to 22 in the distressed block No-7.

– The piers along with the raft in Block No-7 have sunk to varying depths and piers tilted to varying degrees. The worst affected Pier No 20, which has sunk by over 1.2 m is precariously standing, with the reinforcement completely sheared off along the wide-crack. The crack is running along the full height of the pier, just upstream of the radial gate wall plate of Pier No. 20, it said.

– The report also said the radial gates adjacent to pier no 20 (Gate No 20 and 21), which suffered maximum damage, should be removed completely by dismantling and cutting the gate from the assembly, and be taken away. The remaining six gates should be lifted and kept in fully open position and shall be latched firmly. In case of any difficulty in lifting any of these gates to fully open position, the gate shall be removed completely. The committee also recommended that the damaged cement concrete blocks be replaced and the dislodged apron along with toe wall be restored back to its original approved drawings. https://telanganatoday.com/ndsa-submits-first-report-recommending-interim-measures-for-medigadda (07 May 2024)

BRS decisions led to Medigadda fiasco: Dam agency In the interim report that the NDSA submitted to the state irrigation department, the Central government agency said that damages were observed to the downstream cement concrete blocks and apron of the Medigadda barrage after the 2019 monsoon, soon after the barrage was inaugurated in June 2019.

– Despite this, “the impounded water was not released for repair and rectification, instead the barrage reservoir continued to be used for its stated purpose,” the report said. Though incidents of damage to the structures of the barrages at Medigadda, Annaram and Sundilla were observed in the subsequent years too, no full-fledged repairs were taken up as the water storage had to be maintained as per the then government’s instructions.

– In its report, the NDSA also said that repairs of the failure in Block-7 of the barrage — which suffered failure and portions of which sank by more than 1.2 metres — “is quite extensive.” The report said that the portion of Block 7 of the barrage in which eight radial gates were stuck because of the sinking and tilting of the piers, “is in a highly-distressed state of condition.” To try and save Block 7, all the gates have to be lifted fully before the onset of the monsoon, the report said and added that, if need be, the steel plates of the gates should be cut.

– The report did not say this in as many words, but the engineers familiar with the structure and its construction said that four of the piers – Nos. 17, 18, 19, and 20 – in Block 7 will eventually have to be taken down along with the rest of their associated structures and rebuilt. “But that can be done only after the monsoon season ends and the flows in the river fall to low levels,” one of the engineers said.

– The NDSA, with respect to the Annaram and Sundilla barrages recommended complete replacement of the flood dissipation blocks and structures as well as repairs to the aprons. It shall be the responsibility of the Irrigation and Command Area Development department of the government to ensure “adequate resource mobilisation and timely execution of works before the onset of the coming monsoon season”. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/brs-decisions-led-to-medigadda-fiasco-dam-agency-892883 (07 May 2024)

Late by a month for any work on Medigadda: Irrigation officials “We are in fact late by one month to take up even temporary measures aimed at addressing issues that are likely to make the structures further vulnerable in the event of heavy floods,” irrigation dept officials felt, adding that the focus of the department was mainly on the Medigadda barrage. https://telanganatoday.com/late-by-a-month-for-any-work-on-medigadda-irrigation-officials (08 May 2024)

Jharkhand Tribals make Icha dam a poll issue As the Singhbhum Lok Sabha constituency gets ready to vote on May 13, JMM candidate Joba Majhi faces concerns over the discontent among residents hit by the Icha dam project. The Icha-Kharkhai Baandh Virodhi Sangh (IKBVS), an organisation representing the 86 villages opposing the Rs 6,600cr project, expressed disappointment over the candidate’s lack of engagement with the affected people. IKBVS convenor Yogesh Kalundia said over 1.50 lakh villagers across the 86 villages in Chaibasa, Rajnagar, and Manjhari blocks, identified as the submerged area of the proposed dam, are dissatisfied with the state govt’s lackadaisical attitude towards their rehabilitation and resettlement. The villagers face the threat of displacement, and their anger could potentially impact the JMM’s poll prospects, as warned by the outfit leaders.

The Icha dam, with a height of 213 m, is one of the four components of the Subarnarekha Multipurpose Project (SMP). The other three components — Chandil dam, Kharkhai barrage, and Galudih barrage — are either complete or nearing completion. The people have historically supported JMM, and party leaders have been sympathetic to their cause. Former CM Hemant Soren had demonstarted at the Raj Bhawan on January 11, 2016, opposing the Icha dam. However, the party’s change in stance after coming to office has miffed the villagers.Meanwhile, Joba Majhi, the Manoharpur MLA and candidate, remains confident that the villagers will support her. She has assured the people that if they vote for her, she will take up the matter afresh at appropriate forum. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/joba-majhi-vows-to-address-icha-dam-issue-if-elected/articleshow/110044181.cms (12 May 2024)

Mandal dam, airport missing from PM’s speech A section of people from the rural pocket of Palamu division and a few from the Daltonganj town were disappointed when PM Narendra Modi avoided speaking about the 50-year-old unfulfilled dream of Mandal Dam and the recently conceived project of an airport, proposed on the same venue where the political rally was organised on Friday (May 03).

Five years ago when Modi had arrived at the same place to seek votes in favour of Vishnu Dayal Ram, completing the Mandal Dam project of 1972 was his promise to the locals so that they can fight recurring drought. The crowd on Friday was eagerly waiting for Modi to declare a new date for its completion or come up with some assurance as the dam project is not just incomplete but is showing no signs of progress. Modi had re-laid the foundation of dam project on January 5, 2019, a few months ahead of the 2019 parliamentary polls. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/mandal-dam-and-airport-missing-from-pms-speech/articleshow/109848318.cms (05 May 2024)

Sardar Sarovar Project Village submerged for dam remains thirsty and neglected Despite literally living inside the Narmada Dam, 40-year-old Sumitra Tadvi laments the lack of potable water in Manibeli village of Maharashtra. “The problem is worse in the monsoon when the rain makes the water muddy. We consume the water as it is… Whom should we complain to?” she asks. The village, part of the Nandurbar district, was among the firsts to be submerged during the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam in 1993-94. Manibeli is part of the Akkalkuwa ST reserved Assembly constituency of Nandurbar ST Lok Sabha seat. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/village-submerged-for-narmada-dam-remains-thirsty-and-neglected-9321216/ (11 May 2024)

नर्मदा में आदिवासियों के जल, जंगल, जमीन की लड़ाई है जारी -जिस स्टैचू का नाम गिनीज बुक ऑफ़ वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स में दर्ज हो चुका है, उसके पीछे आदिवासियों के जल, जंगल और जमीन की लड़ाई की कहानियां छिपी है। साधु बेट द्वीप, जहां स्टैचू का निर्माण किया गया है, वह स्थानीय आदिवासियों के पूजा का स्थान हुआ करता था। हालांकि आदिवासियों का दावा है कि स्टैच्यू ऑफ यूनिटी के आस-पास के 72 गांव हैं जो इस परियोजना से प्रभावित हुए हैं। लेकिन जो छह गांव सबसे बुरी तरह प्रभावित हुए हैं, वे केवड़िया, वाघाड़िया, कोठी, लीम्बडी, गोरा और नवागाम हैं जो साधु बेट के ठीक आस-पास हैं।https://hindi.feminisminindia.com/2024/05/06/six-years-after-statue-of-unity-adivasis-see-no-development-hindi/ (06 May 2024)

Mullaperiyar Dam TN moves SC accusing Kerala of obstructing work to ensure safety The TN government also sought a direction that the reconstituted Supervisory Committee issue appropriate directions as mandated in the Dam Safety Act, 2021 for completing the pending works. The apex court-led bench of Justice A S Oka is scheduled to hear the case on May 7 (Tuesday). https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/May/06/mullaperiyar-dam-row-tn-moves-sc-accusing-kerala-of-obstructing-work-to-ensure-safety (06 May 2024)

Punjab Minister seeks inquiry into ‘collapse’ of floating solar plant at Bhakra Punjab Cabinet minister Harjot Singh Bains has demanded an inquiry by the Central Vigilance Commission into the ‘collapse’ of a floating solar power plant being constructed by the Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) and a private firm on Sutlej River. In a letter to the central vigilance department, Bains said the collapse of this solar power floating project, being built at a cost of about ₹92 crore, is no small incident. “There should be an investigation,” he wrote. Bains, MLA from Anandpur Sahib, posted a copy of his letter dated April 30 on X on Sunday, claiming there was no action even after a week against any official and no statement about the actual losses. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/cabinet-minister-harjot-singh-bains-seeks-inquiry-into-collapse-of-floating-solar-power-plant-at-bhakra-101714937952358.html (06 May 2024)

INTERSTATE WATER DISPUTES

Yamuna Water Sharing Dispute Uproar over MoU on Yamuna water sharing The Haryana government’s latest pact with Rajasthan to share excess waters of Yamuna during monsoon came under sharp attack from the Congress in the assembly on Wednesday (Feb. 28). The principal Opposition party dubbed the agreement as “anti-farmer” and accused chief minister Manohar Lal Khattar of “surrendering” Haryana’s rights on water to Rajasthan. In the 2024-25 budget proposals, Khattar said an agreement has been signed between Haryana and Rajasthan with the support of the Union ministry of Jal Shakti on February 17, 2024, for “utilisation of the excess waters of the Yamuna during monsoon period.”

During this period, said Khattar, water flow exceeds 24,000 cusecs. “The excess waters available for a short period of time will be stored and a pipeline will be laid to carry the water for irrigation purposes to the water deficit districts of Bhiwani, Charkhi-Dadri and Hisar. In addition, pipeline will also be laid by Rajasthan, to carry water to Rajasthan. This will ensure that excess flood water is stored, and used for agriculture and drinking purposes and possibilities of floods will be reduced with this,” read the budget document. Dismissing the allegations, CM said as per the agreement, Haryana will share water if water flow exceeds 24,000 cusecs. He said Haryana will also get one fourth of the water out of the total excess water available. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/haryana-congress-confronts-khattar-govt-on-mou-with-rajasthan-on-yamuna-water-sharing-101709143642046.html (29 Feb. 2024)

URBAN RIVERS

SANDRP Blog Tawi Barrage; RFD destroying river, inviting disaster Tawi Riverfront Development (RFD) project in Jammu symbolizes the fallacy of most of the RFD projects in India. The city owes its historical relevance, cultural legacy and gradual prosperity to the river. But in return the Tawi has been witnessing typical urban river problems of gradual decline in flows, continual rise in solid and liquid waste pollution, encroachments and riverbed mining.

And as is the case with most of urban rivers, instead of taking effective measures to address the existing threats, the government here has been pumping crores of rupees into an artificial lake and RFD project for over past one and half decade in a non-transparent and questionable manner. https://sandrp.in/2024/05/11/tawi-barrage-riverfront-projects-in-jammu-destroying-river-inviting-disaster/ (11 May 2024)

Vikalp Sangam Re-envisioning riverscapes & urban riverfronts Himanshu Thakkar, working with SANDRP highlights the importance of considering a river’s “character, purpose, and cultural value,” stating that neglecting these factors could result in more problems than solutions. https://www.earthlawcenter.org/blog-entries/2024/4/nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp-re-envisioning-riverscapes-and-urban-riverfronts-in-india-toward-ecological-and-social-harmony (25 April 2024)

Ram; Pune Private builder caught dumping sewage into river since 2021 The magnitude of this environmental transgression has reached alarming proportions, with over 10 million litres of sewage having been recklessly discharged into the river. The modus operandi involves Rohan Madhuban, a high-end society in Bavdhan Khurd with over 330 flats and nearly 1000 residents. Despite the absence of a functional STP within the society premises for several years, the builder has persistently managed the sewage treatment process. However, driven by cost-cutting motives, the builder opted to collect the wastewater in tankers, bypassing any treatment, and directly releasing it into the Ram River and other public areas in Bavdhan.

-The distressing aspect is that the unsuspecting residents of Rohan Madhuban are unwittingly complicit in this environmental crime, contributing to the significant pollution of the river. As this story unfolds, public outcry against the callous disregard for environmental conservation grows louder. The brazen actions of Rohan Builders underscore the urgent need for accountability and stricter enforcement of environmental laws. Bavdhankars and Punekars demand nothing less than swift and decisive action to rectify this grave injustice perpetrated against the Ram River and its ecosystem. https://www.mypunepulse.com/pune-private-builder-caught-dumping-untreated-sewage-into-ram-river-since-2021-environmentalists-demand-immediate-action/ (05 May 2024)

Kadambrayar; Kochi Fund crunch hits removal of water hyacinth The lack of funds posed a challenge to the Irrigation department as weed removal is a consistent process, according to an action taken report submitted by the department before the Southern Bench of the NGT on April 25. The department has been focusing on removal of water hyacinths to ensure proper flow of water in Edachira Thodu, a key tributary of the Kadambrayar. The cleaning of the river stretch from Manakkakadavu to Kozhichira was part of projects initiated in the 2023-24 fiscal, it said.

In its report submitted before the tribunal on April 25, the SPCB had said that the primary pollution challenge facing the Kadambrayar stemmed from the proliferation of water hyacinth. The availability of water is high during the rainy season. During summer, the entire flow gets restricted due to less quantity of water and excessive growth of vegetation, it said. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/fund-crunch-hits-removal-of-water-hyacinth-from-kadambrayar/article68164831.ece (11 May 2024)

RIVERS

People’s Science Institute and India River Forum are co-hosting a two days training and bio-monitoring program for surface water quality assessment for practitioners from 28th – 30th May, 2024 in Dehradun.

Kindly visit the link for applying and more details. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSewpxfWaDZf5tJ7vdrjWuwet7SA5cbCmP7v7kLZozFoxIbiJw/viewform

DTE Water pollution in rivers: A long pathway to a better tomorrow -The Ganga, perhaps the most revered river globally, is also unfortunately one of the most polluted today. The question is: If Ganga is considered the most sacred in the world, how can it also be considered polluted? Conversely, how can something that is considered the most polluted be regarded as sacred? This situation is not unique to the Ganges but extends to other rivers like the Sabarmati and Yamuna as well.

-Unfortunately, there is no garbage collection or dumping facility available in Thunag a town in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. As a result, all the residents discharge their waste material or garbage into a nearby stream called Ropdi. The stream originates from the pristine and picturesque Holyland Shikari Devi glacier, which is only 25 kilometres from Thunag. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/water-pollution-in-rivers-a-long-pathway-to-a-better-tomorrow-95987 (06 May 2024)

Odisha NGT seeks fresh affidavit on plea against ‘harmful tourism’ in Satkosia The NGT has directed the state govt to file a fresh counter affidavit within four weeks to the petition challenging “ongoing harmful tourism activities” in the Satkosia Tiger Reserve and Satkosia gorge of the Mahanadi river “under the garb of eco-tourism”. The NGT expressed dissatisfaction over the state govt’s affidavit submitted on Friday as it was silent on the structures allegedly built in the ecologically sensitive area.

While granting the Centre also four weeks and posting the matter for further hearing on July 22, the bench said, “The ministry (of environment, forests and climate change) is directed to file its counter affidavit, particularly with reference to the Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary and the issues involved in the present case.” Satkosia gorge is one of the largest river gorges in the state, which almost 22.5-km-long and runs through the tiger reserve. It is a natural habitat for about 500 endangered gharials who use the sand banks for laying eggs.

Secretary of Wildlife Society of Orissa, Biswajit Mohanty, filed the petition in January. The petition pointed out that over 16 cottage tents, seven of them with AC, and attendant dining huts have been set up during tourist the season from Oct to May as part of the ‘Badmul Sand Resort’ in Satkosia where bonfires are lit at night and sand sports such as volleyball/basketball and football are organised along with folk music and dance, which are extremely disturbing to wildlife. Construction of tents and sheds for tourists in the ecologically sensitive area will bring irreparable damage to the local environment and biodiversity, the petition claimed. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/cuttack/ngt-directs-state-to-file-fresh-affidavit-on-plea-against-harmful-tourism-in-satkosia/articleshow/110063763.cms (13 May 2024) Earlier on May 10, the bench had directed the government to file its counter affidavit, particularly with reference to the Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary and the issues involved in the case. Satkosia gorge having a length of almost 14 mile that runs through the Tiger Reserve is one of the largest river gorges of the state. The area was declared as a Ramsar Site in 2021. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/May/13/ngt-rejects-affidavit-of-odisha-government-on-satkosia-tourism (13 May 2024) The Wildlife Society of Orissa filed the application challenging construction of tents and sheds for tourists in the ecologically sensitive area on the ground they will cause irreparable damage to local environment and biodiversity. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Mar/24/ngt-issues-notices-to-centre-state-on-eco-tourism-in-satkosia-tiger-reserve (24 March 2024)

Mahanadi river bed construction: NGT pulls up govt over affidavit The NGT on April 24 pulled up the state government for filing a counter affidavit “irresponsibly”. The counter affidavit was in reply to a fresh petition seeking intervention against illegal constructions in violation of specific directions the Tribunal had issued regarding 426 acre of Mahanadi river bed reclaimed by sand filling within the area upstream of the barrage at Jobra in Cuttack.

The NGT was hearing the fresh petition filed by social activist Pradip Pattanaik on whose plea the NGT had issued the specific directions on September 21, 2022. The bench also condemned the brazen way in which false claims had been made in the counter affidavit. In the counter affidavit, engineer-in-chief of Water Resources department Bhakta Ranjan Mohanty claimed, “No illegal construction has been made on the Mahanadi river bed to cause any obstruction in the river.”

In contrast, the SEIAA, confirmed creation of an artificial concrete island with permanent structures within the reclaimed area of Mahanadi river bed. Accordingly, the bench rejected the counter affidavit, allowing the state government to file a better affidavit by May 29, the date fixed for next hearing on the matter. In the affidavit, MS of SEIAA, Odisha Dr Kailasam Murugesen said artificial concrete island has been created by establishing a cafeteria, food court, liquor bar-cum-restaurant, paid vehicle parking, paid picnic spot and large area surrounded by concrete wall.

In the September 21, 2022 order, the NGT had prohibited concretisation of any sort on the entire 426 acre of reclaimed river bed land. The NGT had further ordered for developing 284 acres of the reclaimed river bed area ‘as dense forest’, while allowing the remaining 142 acre to be developed as parks/playgrounds without any permanent or temporary constructions and without any commercial activities. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Apr/25/mahanadi-river-bed-construction-ngt-pulls-up-odisha-government-over-affidavit (25 April 2024)

GANGA Bihar Only 2 districts treating sewage, no step taken to demarcate floodplain: NGT In an order passed on May 1, the NGT noted that the estimated sewage generation in the state was 1,700 MLD and except at Patna and Bhagalpur, the sewage was not being treated in any district. The bench also found several discrepancies in the district-wise report earlier submitted by the state and sought fresh report from 38 districts regarding pollution in the river. The green panel noted that Rs 824 crore was released by the NMCG for constructing an STP in Digha (in Patna) but according to the contractor’s environmental and social assessment report, the plant was vulnerable to floods and cyclones. The NGT asked the NMCG to review its decision within six weeks.

-Noting the state’s counsel submissions about the ‘difficulty’ in demarcating the floodplain zones, the tribunal said that the advocate did not provide any ‘cogent reason’ and that ‘not even a single effective step has been taken by the state authorities to demarcate the floodplain zone of river Ganga and its tributaries’. To remedy the existing situation, it asked the authorities concerned to obtain the ‘one-meter contour map’ from the Survey of India and take appropriate steps for demarcating the floodplain zone. The matter has been posted for further proceedings on October 15. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bihar/only-two-bihar-districts-treating-ganga-sewage-huge-gap-in-controlling-pollution-ngt-3010425 (06 May 2024)

Prayagraj IIT experts to help check erosion -Because of the unpredictable direction of the strong currents of river Ganga, providing adequate space to the religious and social organisation on the Sangam banks for Maha Kumbh is a matter of concern for the mela administration. Due to increasing erosion of Ganga, at present about 40% less land is left compared to the previous Kumbh.

-Now, the Prayagraj Mela Authority has joined hands with experts of IIT Guwahati to study the behaviour of the river current and suggest ways to counter the erosion thereof. To prepare a DPR for this, the govt has given a budget of over Rs 1.12 crore. In this backdrop, the team of IIT-Guwahati will work to stop the flow of the river in Ganga using bamboo, along with the team of irrigation department who will do the dredging.

-In another development, the mela administration has also decided that the water of 22 drains falling directly into Ganga-Yamuna will now be treated through ‘geo-tubes’. The water in the tube will be cleaned with the help of flocculant and then flow into the twin rivers. This method will be adopted instead of bio-remedial method to purify drain water in Maha Kumbh-2025.

-Before Maha Kumbh, there was a plan to connect 22 drains to the STP. The tender for connecting the drains to the STP could not be floated on time. Due to this, drains can no longer be connected to STP before Maha Kumbh. Regarding this, Namami Gange secretary, Rajashekhar, recently held a meeting with local officials and directed them to find alternatives to clean drain water instead of bio-remedial methods. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/iit-experts-to-help-check-erosion-along-ganga-banks/articleshow/110047895.cms (12 May 2024)

YAMUNA Delhi 22 online stns to check river health Delhi Pollution Control Committee has floated a tender for installation and commissioning of 22 monitoring stations in the Yamuna to collect real-time data on water quality. Currently, water samples are collected manually and analysed only once in a month. These monitoring stations are likely to become operational by the end of this year, an official said. The board of DPCC, which met on Dec 14, had passed the proposal of installation of online monitoring stations. Though there was an initial plan of installing stations at 53 sites, the number was reduced later. said the board, according to the minutes of the meeting. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/22-online-stations-to-check-yamunas-health/articleshow/109991349.cms (10 May 2024)

Bhim Singh Rawat, member of the SANDRP said the effectiveness of the DPCC’s plans can only be gauged when it is operational. “The idea is good, but now, we need to ensure it is operationalised soon and more importantly, that the data is made public. A website or a section on DPCC website needs to be maintained where such data is updated in real time,” he said. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/dpcc-to-monitor-yamuna-pollution-in-real-time-101715278311466.html (10 May 2024)

SC committee for action against DDA for illegal construction in Ridge Supreme Court appointed Central Empowered Committee, in a report to SC, has recommended legal action against DDA for illegal construction felling of over 750 trees in south Delhi Ridge area in violation of SC orders and without any permission from centre. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/supreme-court-committee-recommends-action-against-dda-for-illegal-construction-in-ridge/articleshow/109896625.cms (07 May 2024)

Report Role of ‘river culture’ in rise & fall of Harappan civilisation’ The study suggested that the Yamuna River, which once met the Ghaggar-Hakra River near Suratgarh in Sri Ganganagar dist of Rajasthan, shifted eastwards toward its current bed around 18,000 years ago, 12,000 years before the rise of the Harappan culture in the area. https://theprint.in/opinion/what-caused-the-rise-and-fall-of-harappan-civilisation-studies-debunk-role-of-river-culture/2071070/ (6 May 2024)

Uttar Pradesh NGT: Why case against jr officer, not GMC chief over river pollution The NGT has sought a response from the UPPCB which initiated criminal proceedings against the general manager of GMC’s water department, and not the municipal commissioner, for not acting against industries polluting Hindon. The board initiated the proceedings after NGT in March 2023 ordered the prosecution of industries found releasing pollutants into the river. In Dec 2023, the tribunal also directed that criminal proceedings be initiated against municipal or urban local body officials of the seven districts —Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Shamli, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautam Budh Nagar — through which the river passes.

– Subsequently, cases were filed under Section 43 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, against the Nagar Palika Parishad executive officers of Sardhana (Meerut) and Loni, and the general manager of GMC’s water department. The NGT order states: “When the query was put to learned counsel for the UPPCB as to why the prosecution is launched against the Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad (GMC) through its general manager (water department) and not through the commissioner, municipal corporation, Ghaziabad, he sought time to examine the same. For this, no clear reason is reflected in the complaint.”

– The order pointed out that UPPCB had initiated proceedings only against three industries —AWF Collection, Chaudhary Creations, and SK Collection of Muzaffarnagar — but did not name the 357 other manufacturing units in the region. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/ngt-case-against-junior-officer-over-hindon-pollution/articleshow/110021468.cms (11 May 2024)

Agra SC directs Govt to remove silt, sludge from riverbed The Supreme Court, while hearing the Taj Trapezium Matter, has directed the concerned authorities of the State of Uttar Pradesh to immediately remove the silt, sludge and garbage in the bed of River Yamuna in Agra and said that it should be a continuous activity. An Intervention Application (IA) was filed in the main writ petition on behalf of the Agra Development Foundation seeking an order for the removal of silt, sludge and garbage up to a depth of 5-6 meters lying on the river bed of the River Yamuna in the city of Agra and an order for restoration of river bed to its natural state and regularization of proper de-silting/de-sludging in future.

he Court also directed the Union Government, the Government of Uttar Pradesh to file an affidavit in light of the above matter by the end of June, 2024. “No further time shall be granted. The applications will be considered on 11th July, 2024.” In the main petition, the Supreme Court on various occasions has been giving directions to protect the Taj Mahal and other nearby monuments, falling within the Taj Trapezium Zone. Accordingly, the IAs are now listed on July 11, 2024, and the main civil appeal is listed on August 22, 2024, for final disposal. https://www.verdictum.in/court-updates/supreme-court/mc-mehta-v-union-of-india-taj-trapezium-case-sc-directs-up-govt-immediately-remove-slit-sludge-garbage-bed-yamuna-river-agra-1532368 (25 April 2024)

RIVERS BIODIVERSITY

Report Springs ecosystems as refuge areas of diatom biodiversity Springs are certainly considered to be globally threatened ecosystems, mainly because of direct and indirect anthropogenic pressure manifested by for example: habitat destruction, hydrological systems modifications, intensification of agriculture and climate change. Human activity is the greatest threat to natural or near-natural oligotrophic ecosystems. Most studies of algal flora in springs have been focused on diatoms. Diatoms can be found in all aquatic habitats around the world. Among them, there are cosmopolitan species but most diatom species have very precise preferences for ecological conditions, related to a specific habitat. The species composition of diatoms in oligotrophic environments is less known than in aquatic environments affected by human impacts. Springs are still poorly understood ecosystems that may be a refuge for rare and endangered diatom species – especially connected with bryophytes in spring habitats (Cantonati et al., 2020, 2022). https://isdr.org/springs-ecosystems-as-refuge-areas-of-diatom-biodiversity/ (May 2024)

FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERFOLKS

Maharashtra An unsung patronage of fishermen by Pranahita river Pranahita, a tributary of Godavari river, is silently patronizing around 1000 families living on some border villages of Maharashtra by providing livelihood for 50 years. Come October, fishermen hailing from Mulchera, Yella, Nagulwavi, Machigatta, Marpalli, Oddigudem, Bori, Aheri, Devalamarri, Chinna Watra, Pedda Watra, Venkatapur, Sinchugondi, Regunta, Moyaddinpet, Tekda, Nemda, Bamni Sironcha, etc, villages in Aheri Vidhana Sabha or Assembly constituency in Gadchiroli district of Mah move to selected spots on over 100 kilometers long riverbed of Pranahita to find a livelihood for eight months.

– The fishermen along with their family members camp in the riverbed by erecting wooden huts and make-shift tents, facing unfavorable climatic conditions like chilly weather, unseasonal rains and sweltering heat wave conditions. They occupy the riverbed near villages during Dasara festival and leave it following the onset of the monsoon that usually occurs in the first week of June. While men cast nets woven by themselves to catch fish mostly at night, women do household chores including taking care of their children and cutting leftover fish at day. They travel by boats risking their lives. https://telanganatoday.com/an-unsung-patronage-of-fishermen-by-pranahita-river (03 May 2024)

Mumbai Dead fish found in Kharghar waterbody The sight of several dead fish floating in the waterbody of sector 17 in Kharghar in the morning on 7 May, 2024 has once again ignited outrage among environmental activists. The blockage of tidal water flow in this mangrove area adjacent to the creek has transformed the water channel into a state of decay, potentially leading to the demise of aquatic life, as highlighted by Environment activist and Animal Welfare Officer, Seema Tank. https://www.newsband.in/article_detail/dead-fish-found-floating-in-kharghar-waterbody-spark-outcry-among-environmental-activists (07 May 2024)

SAND MINING

Odisha Illegal Mining: NGT seeks fresh affidavits from SEIAA & SPCB – The NGT has rejected the affidavits filed by the SEIAA and SPCB in response to the petition that had alleged illegal mining of sand beyond the permitted lease area in the Kusei riverbed area at Deogaon under Ghasipura tehsil of Keonjhar district. The Bench was hearing the petition filed by Tapas Kumar Bal, a resident of Deogaon alleging unchecked mechanical extraction of sand by using high power machines (excavators) by the lessee.

The bench directed SEIAA and OSPCB to file fresh para-wise counter affidavits within four weeks. While directing the deputy director Mines to file a reply affidavit, the tribunal also granted the lessee four weeks’ time to file a response to the petition. The bench posted the matter to May 31.

The petition had alleged illegal mining of sand beyond the permitted area by the lessee in Kusei river which is intersecting Jajpur and Keonjhar districts. The sand quarry in question is adjoining Jajpur and sand is being illegally mined from the Jajpur side whereas transportation of the mined mineral is being done on the Keonjhar side, the petition alleged. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/May/07/illegal-sand-mining-ngt-seeks-fresh-affidavits-from-seiaa-and-ospcb (07 May 2024)

NGT imposes ban on extraction of morrum, earth for rail track project The NGT has imposed restriction on further extraction of earth/morrum by the contractor engaged for construction of earth bed for the third line railway track from Bhadrak to Nirgundi. NGT’s East Zone bench in Kolkata issued the interim order on Tuesday (May 07) after taking note of the affidavits filed by the East Coast Railways (ECoR) and the SEIA). The SEIAA’s affidavit categorically stated that no Environmental Clearance (EC) has been issued in favour of the private contractor for extraction of earth/morrum from various places of Tangi-Choudwar tehsil of Cuttack district or any other district for construction of the said railway track, the order said.

The bench allowed the private construction company counsel advocate Prabhu Prasanna Behera’s plea to file counter affidavit within one week and fixed July 11 for further consideration of the matter. Earlier, the tribunal had constituted a committee to ascertain the veracity of the allegations made in the petition. The committee had confirmed illegal extraction of the minor minerals and recommended recovery of penalty of Rs 42.45 crore and environmental compensation of Rs 1.20 crore for illegal extraction of morrum and laterite from the private construction company. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/May/11/odisha-ngt-imposes-ban-on-extraction-of-morrum-earth-for-rail-track-project (11 May 2024)

NGT warns collector for not acting against illegal mining on poll code plea The NGT on Monday (April 29) said the Orissa Space Applications Centre (ORSAC) cannot take the plea of model code of conduct and express inability to conduct survey of and provide report on mining activities at Nihalprasad road metal stone quarry in Gondia tehsil of Dhenkanal district. The bench said this when the collector of Dhenkanal filed an interlocutory application seeking four months’ time for filing the affidavit along with ORSAC’s survey report with satellite data that was necessary to assess the quantity of mining for calculating the illegal excess mining at the quarry.

The tribunal was hearing a petition filed by Santanu Bhukta, a resident of the area seeking intervention against illegal operations involving excess mining beyond the prescribed limit and violation of EC conditions at Road Metal Stone Quarry. Advocate Sankar Prasad Pani represented the petitioner. The state counsel SK Nayak also submitted a letter received from ORSAC on April 22, 2024.

The notices in this case were issued on 22.10.2023 and at that time there was no model code of conduct and there were no elections. “We fail to understand as to why ORSAC cannot conduct the survey without the sanction of the Election Commission and provide report to the collector & district magistrate, Dhenkanal,” the bench observed. “We, therefore, direct the collector & district magistrate, Dhenkanal, to ensure that the affidavit along with ORSAC report is filed within four weeks failing which provisions of section 26 of the NGT, 2010 would be invoked,” the bench said. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/May/01/ngt-warns-collector-for-not-acting-against-illegal-mining-on-poll-code-plea (01 May 2024)

NGT suggests Rs 96 crore fine for excess mining The joint committee formed by the NGT has recommended Rs 96 crore environmental compensation to be paid by a private lessee for carrying out excess mining at Damanbhuin laterite stone quarry under Tangi tehsil in Khurda district. The bench had constituted the committee in September last year after Ajay Behera of Jankia filed a petition alleging illegal mining at the quarry in form of mining beyond lease area and more than the limit prescribed in the mining plan.

The joint inspection report dated April 18 was submitted along with the affidavit filed by member secretary, SEIAA Dr Kailasam Murugesen on Friday (April 25). The report estimated the excess mining by the lessee was approximately 64,254 cubic metre. The panel has recommended collection of Rs 96.28 crore environmental compensation from the private lessee. The bench fixed July 5 as the next date for hearing while giving the private lessee time till then to file a reply. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Apr/29/ngt-suggests-rs-96-crore-fine-for-excess-mining-in-odisha (29 April 2024)

Madhya Pradesh Notice to govt over PESA violation in mining – Principal bench of High Court at Jabalpur, on Tuesday (May 07), issued notices to chief secretary, principal secretary mining, principal secretary rural development, MD mining, collector Mandla and Jabalpur, and others over illegal sand mining and alleged violation of Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act(PESA Act) in Mandla district. The court has given four-week time to the respondents to reply. The double bench of MP chief justice Ravi Malimath and Justice Vishal Mishra was hearing the petition of Mandla Janpad vice president Sandeep Singore over PESA act violation with reference to illegal sand mining.

-Advocate Rameshwar Thakur who appeared for petitioner, said, “ We informed the court that a contract has been given for three years for mining from 26 notified sand mines. A mining company even issued a contract for mining in this district. But the contract is null and void as six districts like Mandla, Dindori, Shahdol, Dhar, Jhabua, Barwani, have been declared scheduled areas so permission from the village panchayat is needed.” The reality is that vehicles without number plates carrying 50 tons of illegally mined sand were found on the road, he added. https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/hc-notice-to-govt-over-alleged-illegal-sand-mining (08 May 2024)

Tamil Nadu SC tells ED not to harass DCs -The Supreme Court on Monday (May 6) told the Enforcement Directorate (ED) not to “harass” district collectors in Tamil Nadu unnecessarily. The court was hearing a petition by some collectors over a petition concerning them not appearing before the ED in a case related to alleged sand mining. Earlier, the bench of Justices Bela M. Trivedi and Pankaj Mithal had criticised the collectors for not appearing before the ED despite the court’s directions, LiveLaw reported. https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-tells-enforcement-directorate-not-to-harass-tamil-nadu-district-collectors/ (07 May 2024)

Report SC bars 4 states from granting fresh mining leases in Aravali -Shocked by Haryana govt’s statement that there is no specific definition of areas which qualify as Aravali range, Supreme Court Thursday (May 09) barred Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi from granting fresh mining leases in the battered ecosystem of India’s oldest mountain range. However, SC clarified this order would not suspend existing legal mining activities. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-bars-4-states-from-granting-fresh-mining-leases-in-aravali/articleshow/109993707.cms (10 May 2024)

WETLANDS, LAKES, WATER BODIES

Bihar लोगों ने निकाला जल–जन घोषणा पत्र दरभंगा जहां चौथे चरण यानी 13 मई को चुनाव होने है, वहां नागरिकों ने लोकसभा चुनाव के मद्देनजर जल-जन घोषणा पत्र जारी किया है। इस जल–जन घोषणा पत्र में सभी राजनैतिक दलों से अपने मैनिफेस्टो में जल और जलाशय के संरक्षण का मुद्दा शामिल करने का अनुरोध किया गया है। दरभंगा की संस्था तालाब बचाओ अभियान और भारत-नेपाल कमला मैत्री मंच ने मिलकर जल–जन घोषणा पत्र बनाया है। इस घोषणा पत्र में बिहार में पानी से जुड़ी दो आपदाएं बाढ़ और सूखा दोनों की वजहों पर प्रकाश डालते हुए उनका समाधान करने की अपील की गयी है। घोषणा पत्र में एक तरफ यह लिखा गया है कि आजादी के बाद से बाढ़ पर नियंत्रण के लिए बनाए गए तटबंध बाढ़ के संकट को और बढ़ाने वाले साबित हो रहे हैं, वहीं दूसरी तरफ राज्य के कई जिले सूखा, जल जमाव, पानी में आर्सेनिक और फ्लोराइड की अधिकता की समस्या झेल रहे हैं। https://www.downtoearth.org.in/hindistory/water/water-conservation/lok-sabha-elections-2024-ponds-are-missing-in-the-election-issues-in-bihar-96048 (09 May 2024)

WATER OPTIONS

Report Constructed wetlands as solution for wastewater treatment Constructed wetlands emerge as a promising approach, offering not only effective treatment but also environmental and economic benefits. These remarkable ecosystems marry the elegance of natural processes with human innovation, providing an eco-friendly alternative to conventional treatment methods.

– One such example is the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in Delhi, situated on the city’s outskirts. Here, a constructed wetland system aids in purifying sewage from nearby settlements while also providing a sanctuary for diverse flora and fauna, thus contributing to regional biodiversity conservation.

– In Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Perungudi and Kodungaiyur regions have implemented constructed wetlands as part of their decentralised wastewater treatment strategy. These wetlands effectively treat sewage from local communities, alleviating the burden on centralised treatment facilities and significantly reducing pollutant levels.

– The Kolkata East Wetlands in West Bengal, designated as a Ramsar site, feature a vast network of natural and constructed wetlands. These wetlands play a vital role in treating wastewater from Kolkata and its environs while also offering livelihood opportunities for local communities engaged in fishing and agriculture.

– In Haryana, Palla village located along Yamuna river hosts a constructed wetland system that treats wastewater from Delhi before its discharge into the river. This initiative helps enhance water quality in the Yamuna and mitigates pollution levels downstream, benefiting both human populations and aquatic ecosystems.

– Auroville, an international township in Tamil Nadu, has implemented decentralised wastewater treatment systems, including constructed wetlands, to manage sewage generated within its premises. These systems align with Auroville’s principles of sustainability and ecological stewardship, highlighting the potential for community-driven approaches to wastewater management.

– In Rajasthan, the Sariska Tiger Reserve has embarked on an innovative initiative, utilising constructed wetlands for treating wastewater from nearby villages. This approach not only addresses the sanitation needs of local communities but also aids in maintaining the ecological integrity of the reserve, supporting the conservation of wildlife habitats. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/water/constructed-wetlands-are-nature-s-ingenious-solution-for-wastewater-treatment-in-india-96014 (07 May 2024)

Karnataka Ecosystem-based approach to water management The answer lies in the very nature of Karnataka’s aquifers – they empty out quickly, and they also get recharged pretty quickly. It is the geological characteristic of the Deccan Plateau that makes them highly susceptible to fluctuations in rainfall patterns. The ecosystem-based approach to watershed development helps recharge aquifers more effectively, retain water within the catchment area for longer, and also builds the capacities of the people to manage their water resources in more equitable and sustainable ways – all practices that directly address the root cause of Karnataka’s water woes.

– For example the drought-prone village of Bhojdari, Maharashtra. This led to significant improvements including an 87 percent increase in surface-water storage, 43 percent more forest cover, and a 37 percent rise in income. Wells now retain water throughout summer, fodder availability has increased, and water levels have risen – transforming lives and enhancing water security. Bhojdari highlights the power of ecosystem-based adaptation for communities facing water scarcity. https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/ecosystem-based-approach-water-management-key-karnatakas-water-future (08 May 2024)

IWP An entrepreneur’s tryst for ‘clean-water’ bodies In our quest to spotlight dedicated entrepreneurs in the water sector, we bring you the inspiring story of Priyanshu Kamath, an IIT Bombay alumnus, who pivoted from a lucrative corporate career to tackle one of India’s most intricate water quality challenges, that of pollution of its urban water bodies. https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/floating-forward-entrepreneurs-tryst-clean-water-bodies (06 May 2024)

GROUNDWATER

Madhya Pradesh ABY: Bridging ambition with reality ? As Amol Singh Yadav, a folk artist hailing from Dasania village in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, stood up to sing his song about the Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABY), one could imagine how ambitious and potentially transformative the ABY scheme is for the management of groundwater at the community level. As he sang, his lyrics referenced diminishing community groundwater resources and encouraged his community, whom he fondly referred to as friends, to unite in taking action as guardians of this vital resource. Most government schemes either involve the government setting up incentives and expecting changes in human behavior or directly providing social benefits to farmers. ABY is somewhat unique in having incentives and direct benefits in its design, but it centres on groundwater as a common-pool resource, the management of which is a community responsibility. The state’s role is viewed as facilitating community capacity building and providing necessary instruments and logistics for effective groundwater management. https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/atal-bhujal-yojana-bridging-ambition-reality (9 May 2024)

URBAN LAKES, WETLANDS

Chennai NHAI dumps debris in Odiyur lake As part of ECR expansion under Bharatmala project, NHAI is carrying out a major bridge work inside Odiyur lake, for which tonnes of debris and earthen material are being dumped in the waterbody. While NHAI officials say all necessary clearances have been obtained, environmentalists demand protection for Odiyur lake from future land diversion as it is a biodiversity hotspot and attracts close to one lakh migratory birds annually. They say Odiyur is as important as Point Calimere and Vedanthangal bird sanctuaries.

-Recently, an application was filed before the southern bench of NGT by fishermen activist K Saravanan objecting to NHAI dumping large quantum of debris into the wetland saying the activity was contempt of court as there is a standing order, preventing NHAI from infringing within the lake area. However, NHAI filed an affidavit saying there was no contempt of court.

Environmentalists say the site where the construction is happening is an intertidal area, which is an important foraging ground for birds. Come migratory season starting September, the construction work will have an adverse impact on bird life. Yuvan Aves, managing trustee, Palluyir Trust for Nature Education and Research, says Odiyur lagoon satisfies all criteria to be declared a bird sanctuary and Ramsar site. “It is pathetic to see such a crucial wetland be abused,” Aves says, wondering how Tamil Nadu’s Wetland Mission and Climate Mission failed to protect one of the state’s most crucial wetlands. TD Babu, marine biotechnologist, says Odiyur lake is the feeding ground for birds and migratory aquatic animals. https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2024/May/12/nhai-dumps-debris-in-odiyur-lake (12 May 2024)

Residents flood chief secretary with postcards to save lakes Around 1,000 Medavakkam residents, irked by govt negligence, have taken to postcards to demand restoration of Medavakkam’s lakes. From 9am on Saturday (May 04), many people started posting postcards addressed to chief secretary Shiv Das Meena. Kalleri is a six-acre lake, south of the 200-acre Periya Eri on Ravi Main Road. Chinna Eri is a 12.6-acre lake to the east of the latter. While Periya Eri has some waterspread, Kalleri and Chinna Eri are blanketed with water hyacinths, as sewage flows continuously into them, drying them faster.

-Medavakkam, still a town panchayat, is a locality of lakes — within a 3km-radius, there are four to five lakes. Residents have filed CM cell complaints and used RTI to restore lakes, but barely any action was taken. In 2022, there was a 10 crore proposal to deepen and enhance some lakes, including Periya Eri, by the water resources department. But the proposal was dropped. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/residents-flood-chief-secy-with-postcards-to-save-lakes/articleshow/109847891.cms (05 May 2024)

Greens hold silent protest to preserve flamingo lake Environment groups observed World Migratory Bird Day in Navi Mumbai on Saturday (May 11) with a silent human chain protest conveying a loud-and-clear message not to fiddle with flamingo homes – the wetlands. Holding a huge banner proclaiming ‘SaveDPSflamingoLake’ and placards, the protesters raised their united voice for the avian guests who make Mumbai region their home during the winter until the summer.

The 30-acre DPS Flamingo Lake has been under threat with vested interests blocking tidal water flow and rendering it dry in violation of a Bombay high court judgement. The main channel on the south side of the lake was buried with construction of the passenger water transport terminal, known as Nerul jetty, NatConnect Foundation director B N Kumar said. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/greens-hold-silent-protest-to-preserve-flamingo-lake/articleshow/110044024.cms (12 May 2024)

Bid To Grab Slice Of Nerul Wetlands Foiled Alertness shown by activists working to preserve the Nerul wetlands and likewise prompt action by the authorities ensured that an alleged attempts to usurp a portion of Nerul Wetlands was successfully thwarted on Saturday (May 11). Residents were surprised to see boards getting fixed declaring the area as private property and trespassers was to be prosecuted. Following the fixing of the board, activists also observed that there were laborers and concrete cement mixers brought into the area in a bid to construct an entry gate. https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/navi-mumbai-bid-to-grab-slice-of-nerul-wetlands-foiled-thanks-to-activists (11 May 2024)

URBAN WATER

Ghaziabad Fecal contamination found in 8 of 15 water samples Following complaints of diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach pain and fever by scores of residents last week, the UP health department has found fecal contamination in eight water samples out of 15 collected from Saya Gold Avenue society in Indirapuram. Officials from the Ghaziabad office of the health department said the samples were taken from underground and overhead tanks, adding a total of 762 persons had diarrhoea-like symptoms while 17 people were admitted in the hospital. Officials, meanwhile, said it was not clear how the water got contaminated. Water samples and stool samples are being collected for further testing. They will be sent to KGMU, Lucknow, to find out the exact cause of the incident. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/fecal-contamination-found-in-8-of-15-water-samples-collected-from-high-rise-in-ghaziabad-9312447/ (07 May 2024)

400 residents fall ill Around 400 residents of a high-rise society in Ghaziabad began falling ill over the past 7-10 days, complaining of diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach pain and fever. They informed their local councilor Friday (May 04), who told the Chief Medical Officer. The health department has now collected around 15 water samples from Saya Gold Avenue and neighbouring societies to ascertain if there is contamination in the water supply. According to residents, the situation worsened in the last three-four days when more people rapidly began falling ill. Residents suspected that it could be a case of water contamination. Residents claimed the society’s basem*nt has had a persistent issue of waterlogging since they were handed over the flats. However, whenever they raised the issue with the builders, they got no response. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/400-residents-fall-ill-at-ghaziabad-high-rise-samples-collected-to-check-for-contamination-9308436/ (05 May 2024)

JJM/ RURAL WATER SUPPLY

Maharashtra JJM left women in hill districts high & dry The taps and pipelines meant to carry water to the homes of hill-dwelling communities of the state have either not been installed or have no water supply. Women trudge miles and undertake risks to collect water. https://behanbox.com/2024/04/22/how-jal-jeevan-mission-left-women-in-maharashtras-hill-districts-high-and-dry/ (22 May 2024)

WATER

World Bank Funding water future: Assessment of Global Public Spending The World Bank’s new report, “Funding a Water-Secure Future: An Assessment of Public Spending,” quantifies how much governments spend on water and the size of the financing and funding gaps that must close to meet people’s needs. Executive summary; full report– https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099050624154572979/p172944100adb1042188ab1d289e7f2f00b (May 2024)

MONSOON 2024

Report La Nina effect may lead to above-normal rains Conditions have turned favourable for the La Nina weather phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean to start in the next few months, the Climate Prediction Centre of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US has said, which could lead to above average rainfall and floods in India during the monsoon that begins in June. NOAA issued a La Nina watch last week, saying the phenomenon could form as early as June-August 2024, with higher confidence during the following seasons.

The IMD Monsoon Mission Coupled Forecasting System has also indicated the likely development of La Nina conditions during the monsoon season. It has also said that at present, neutral Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions are prevailing over the Indian Ocean. The latest MMCFS forecast indicates that positive IOD conditions are likely to develop during the monsoon season. Experts said the general expectation based on trends during previous La Nina events is that La Nina during monsoon months is likely to cause above-normal rainfall in India, but warned that this also comes with the possibility of excessive flooding in some parts of the country. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/la-nina-effect-may-lead-to-above-normal-rains-101715537939112.html (13 May 2024)

URBAN FLOODS

Bengaluru Flood-alert sensors installed at raja kaluves The Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) has installed 24 water level sensors in raja kaluves to respond to floods in the BBMP jurisdiction, said senior BBMP official. The sensors are solar powered and send alerts to the KSNDMC control room through the internet. Simultaneously BBMP’s Integrated Command Control Centre (ICCC) too is alerted. Sensors show the level of water flow in raja kaluves through green, blue, red and black indicators. If it is green and blue then there is no danger. If it is red it means danger and if it turns black, it is a flood alert. With this, authorities can move residents of affected areas immediately to safer places, avoiding disasters caused by floods. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/May/11/flood-alert-sensors-installed-at-raja-kaluves (11 May 2024)

Ghaziabad MCC holds up ₹119 cr project to prevent flooding Officials said they already tendered out the works before imposition of the MCC and cleaning of 109 major drains, 335 medium and about 635 small drains is underway. Taking cue from last year’s waterlogging during the monsoon months, the municipal corporation of Ghaziabad has started cleaning and desilting drains about a month earlier than usual this year, but a major project to prevent flooding in city’s residential colonies has been put on hold due to prevalence of the model code of conduct (MCC), municipal officials said. Officials said they already tendered out the works before the imposition of the model code and currently, the cleaning of 109 major drains, 335 medium and about 635 small drains is underway. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/ghaziabad-poll-code-holds-up-119-crore-project-to-prevent-urban-flooding-101715540453925.html (13 May 2024)

CLOUD BURSTS

Uttarakhand A ‘cloudburst’ incident report from Chanouda area of Kausani in Almora in evening hours of May 08. Several shops and homes in and around Chanouda market have reportedly been filled with debris and muck in subsequent flashflood. Google Earth image of the area suggests indiscriminate disposal of some recently built local roads there could have resulted in debris flooding the roads, homes in Chanouda. https://pratipakshsamvad.com/clouds-in-almora-heavy-loss/ (08 May 2024)

बुधवार (May 08) देर शाम सोमेश्वर क्षेत्र के चनौदा और अघूरिया में अचानक बादल फटा और भारी बारिश हुई। चनौदा में गांव के पीछे की ओर से बारिश का पानी अपने साथ मलबा और बोल्डर बहा लाया। देखते ही देखते मलबा और बोल्डर घरों के आगे पहुंच गए तो लोग बाहर की तरफ दौड़ पड़े। कुछ ही देर में मलबे से कुंवर भाकुनी, सुनील भाकुनी, संजय भाकुनी, बालम भाकुनी, ललित भाकुनी के मकान पट गए। घरों में रखा सामान भी मलबे में दब गया। एक घंटे बाद बारिश थमने के बाद ग्रामीणों ने घरों में पहुंचने की हिम्मत जुटाई। दहशत के कारण ग्रामीण पूरी रात नहीं सो सके। https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/almora/uttarakhand-news-cloud-burst-in-someshwar-almora-2024-05-09 (09 May 2024) बागेश्वर के कपकोट में बादल फटने के कारण कई घरों में मलवा घुस गया. कई मकानों में दरार आ गई. मलवे और पानी के कारण अल्मोड़ा- बागेश्वर जिले को जोड़ने वाला हाईवे भी बंद हो गया. घटना से ग्रामीण रात भर दहशत में रहे. https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!bharat/life-disrupted-due-to-torrential-rains-and-cloudburst-in-uttarakhand-utn24050901204 (08 May 2024) Amid rain and hail spell in Uttarkashi, Kumoda gadera in Purola witnessed sudden flood spell in afternoon hours of May 08 which local have attribuated to a ‘cloudburst’ incident. https://www.bharatupdatenews.com/heavy-rain-in-purola-danger-of-flood-damage-to-crops-due-to-hailstorm (08 May 2024)

हिमाचल प्रदेश जिला किन्नौर में 15/20 के गरशु नाले में बादल फटा है। स्थानीय लोगों के अनुसार बादल फटने की ये पहली घटना है। बादल फटने से किसी प्रकार के नुकसान की सूचना नहीं है। https://www.amarujala.com/video/himachal-pradesh/kullu/video-cloud-burst-in-garshu-drain-of-kinnaur-district (12 May 2024)

किन्नौर के छोटा कंबा के पास घरसू नाले में रविवार दोपहर (May 12) को बादल फटने से नाले का बहाव बढ़ गया। इसके बाद नाले ने अपना रुख बदला और पहाड़ी से झरने की तरह सतलुज नदी में गिरने लगा। जानमाल के नुकसान की कोई सूचना नहीं है। https://www.livehindustan.com/himachal-pradesh/story-himachal-pradesh-weather-update-cloud-burst-in-kinnaur-imd-yellow-alert-for-rainfall-and-hailstorm-9983497.html (13 May 2024)

DISASTERS

Uttarakhand Forest staff, vehicles deployed on poll duty in violation of orders In letters to all the district magistrates on February 3 and April 5, Uttarakhand principal secretary (forests) Ramesh Kumar Sudhanshu had clarified that the forest department should be kept away from election activities. The paragraph 18 of the letter on February 3 stated, “Every year, severe incidents of forest fire occur in the state during summer season (from February 15 to June 30). All the officers/employees of the forest department are ready 24×7 for forest fire control/management. Keeping in view the forest fire season 2024, the personnel posted at the field level of the forest Department should be exempted from Lok Sabha election duty. Also, vehicles allotted in the circles/divisions of the forest department should not be acquired during the forest fire season-2024, because during the forest fire season, forest personnel are in great need of vehicles for transportation to control forest fires.” Similar concerns were raised in the letter on April 5. https://www.newslaundry.com/2024/05/06/uttarakhand-forest-fires-forest-staff-vehicles-deployed-on-poll-duty-in-violation-of-orders (06 May 2024)

DROUGHT

Kerala State braces for worst drought in 40 years A prolonged dry spell, parched farmlands, dried-up rivers and wilted crops. Kerala is grappling with the worst drought conditions in 40 years. The water level in reservoirs has depleted to worrying levels and villages in north Kerala have been hit by worsening water scarcity. There was no rain in the districts north of Thrissur for the past four months. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/May/08/kerala-braces-for-the-worst-drought-in-40-years (08 May 2024)

ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE

Assam SC overturns NGT order, puts brakes on Silchar airport project Supreme Court has overturned the NGT decision of allowing Silchar airport without environment clearance and has said NGT is responsible for dereliction of its mandate and said that the NGT should have ascertained the facts before giving order. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/sc-overturns-ngt-order-puts-brakes-on-silchar-airport-project-9312452/ (07 May 2024)

UN Urgent need to halt deforestation by 2030 There is an urgent need to quickly halt deforestation and prevent further land degradation by 2030 for the world to stay on the path of sustainable development, the UN Forum on Forests said in a declaration at the conclusion of its 19th session on Friday (May 10). The declaration, which yet to be released, also reaffirmed the UN Strategic Plan for Forests 2017-30 as a global framework for action to protect and sustainably manage forests and trees outside forests, to halt deforestation and forest degradation and contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other international forest-related instruments, processes, commitments and goals.

During the meeting, India shared the launch of its Green Credit Programme that provides incentives to entities to take up tree plantation and restoration of degraded forests, the environment ministry said on Sunday (May 12). However, both the increase in the country’s forest cover, due to ambiguities in definition, and the Green Credit Programme, have been issues of contention. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/urgent-need-to-halt-deforestation-check-further-land-degradation-by-2030-un-forum-on-forests-101715541057394.html (13 May 2024)

CLIMATE CHANGE

Karnataka Govt gets not to roll out climate plan In Apr 2021, Karnataka had sent Karnataka State Action Plan on Climate Change Version 2 to MoEF. Three years later now it has got the approval to implement it. All 42 line departments in the state have been asked to prepare action plan for the same. The plan indicates that the state needs Rs 52827 Cr to implement the measures in Agriculture, horticulture, forestry, rural development and 10 other depts. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/after-3-yr-wait-state-gets-centre-s-nod-to-roll-out-climate-plan-3019532 (13 May 2024)

SOUTH ASIA

India-Bangladesh What will it take to sign transboundary river agreements? Speaking to The Third Pole, Himanshu Thakkar from the SANDRP explained that there are several factors that make this negotiation complex. “In any water agreement, there’s an upstream and downstream dynamic. The upstream country often sees no direct reason to enter into an agreement, as it doesn’t immediately face consequences unless compelled by other factors. For example, if two countries are closely tied economically through trade and other ventures, it’s easier to negotiate agreements,” he said. He gave the example of Bhutan, which is upstream of India, and yet – because of their close relations – managing water has been easier.

– “Considering the cultural proximity and historical context [between India and Bangladesh as well], an agreement should have been established by now,” Thakkar added, while noting that this had not speeded up negotiations. “Even the Ganga treaty took 25 years to materialise after the birth of Bangladesh in 1971”. Ultimately, Thakkar said India’s position as an upstream country concerning most of the 54 rivers it shares with Bangladesh means it lacks domestic pressure to enter such agreements.

– One way that cooperation could be increased, Thakkar felt, was through a wider river basin perspective. “For example,” he said, “When China’s infrastructure projects like dams on the Brahmaputra, affect the region… India protests such developments, Bangladesh – though also a downstream country [on the Brahmaputra in relation to China] often doesn’t voice concerns, perhaps due to geopolitical factors.” In the case of Banerjee, he added, “If West Bengal were to engage in such a treaty, it would be at some cost, which can lead to political backlash. Therefore, Bangladesh must work to foster the right atmosphere for West Bengal to agree to the Teesta agreement.”

– “Despite the strong ties between West Bengal and Bangladesh, navigating the political landscape remains challenging for both parties. Timing and circ*mstances are crucial for progress in such agreements.” https://dialogue.earth/en/water/what-will-it-take-for-bangladesh-and-india-to-sign-transboundary-river-agreements/ (08 May 2024)

India, Bangladesh discuss trade, Teesta development project Foreign secretary Vinay Kwatra and the top leadership of Bangladesh on Thursday discussed cooperation on a wide range of issues, including ways to boost trade and New Delhi’s role in Dhaka’s plan to dredge and develop its section of the cross-border Teesta River. Following his meeting with Kwatra, foreign minister Mahmud told the media in Dhaka that India has expressed interest in financing Bangladesh’s planned project to dredge and develop its section of the Teesta River.

– “You know, we have taken [up] a big project on the Teesta. India wants to finance this project. It will have to be implemented in line with our needs. We want to see our needs fulfilled,” Mahmud was quoted as saying by United News of Bangladesh news agency. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-bangladesh-discuss-trade-teesta-development-project-101715266910705.html (09 May 2024)

India-Nepal India’s restriction on explosive supply halts over 4 dozen HEP India’s restrictions on importing (into Nepal) explosives have begun to impact Nepal’s development projects, causing delays in the construction of roads, tunnels and hydropower projects. The lack of explosives has brought many construction projects to a standstill. They stated that India has halted the supply of explosives for two months under various pretexts. Ganesh Karki, president of Independent Power Producers’ Association of Nepal (IPPAN), said that more than four dozen hydropower projects have experienced delays due to the delay in imports of explosives. According to IPPAN President Karki, the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu, responsible for approving imports, has not issued the necessary No Objection Letter (NOC), which has halted the construction of 80 percent of Nepal’s ongoing hydropower projects. Most of Nepal’s hydropower projects have Chinese investments. Experts stated that after the formation of the new government, China’s dominance in Nepal has started to increase, and India has shown reluctance to issue NOCs for supplying explosives under various pretexts. https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/indian-restrictions-on-importing-explosives-halt-over-four-dozen-hydropower-projects/ (08 May 2024)

Defenseless due to Disaster About erosion of agricultural land along Rapti river in Nepal and status of government plans to control it. https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/41447 (10 May 2024)

Nepal Breakthrough at Sunkoshi Marin Diversion HRT Contractors working on the headrace tunnel (HRT) of the Sunkoshi Marin Diversion Multipurpose Project (SMDMP) achieved breakthrough on 8 May 2024, Jade Consult Pvt Ltd announced. Led by Nepal’s Department of Water Resources and Irrigation, the SMDMP aims to reroute water from the Sunkoshi River to a new powerhouse on the Marin River, a venture poised to benefit an extensive area encompassing 122,000 hectares across Rautahat, Dhanusha, Mahottari, Sarlahi, and Bara Districts. Beyond its irrigation implications, the project has an installed hydropower capacity of 31.07MW.

– Facilitating the realization of this project is the joint venture of SMEC (Australia), EMAY (Turkey), Jade (Nepal), and CMS (Nepal), in collaboration with ECoCode (Nepal). Construction begun on the 13.1km tunnel in late 2022. The SMDMP comprises a conventional concrete diversion weir structure (barrage and under sluice bay) across the Sunkoshi River. https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsbreakthrough-achieved-at-sunkoshi-marin-diversion-multipurpose-projects-headrace-tunnel-11756217 (09 May 2024)

Myanmar First community-based fish conservation zone designated in Sittaung River The Sittaung is one of Myanmar’s four largest river systems, flowing from central Myanmar to the Gulf of Mottama. The gulf’s dynamic ecosystems support important fish populations, particularly diadromous fish species such as Hilsa shad and Pama croaker that migrate between freshwater and seawater.

– A potential FCZ was located next to the Sittaung Bridge (Thein Za Yat) in Waw Township, Bago Region, is 300 m wide. It lies in the village tract of Ta Naw Kyun, which consists of three villages, Ta Naw Kyun, Moe Gyoe Gone and Kyauk Nyat, where most of the households are highly dependent on fishing. During the consultations, local fishers expressed their interest in establishing an FCZ. To formally designate the FCZ, the management committee applied to the Bago Regional Government, which is mandated under the 2018 Bago Region Freshwater Fisheries Law to approve FCZs upon the recommendation of the Regional Department of Fisheries (DoF). On 22 April 2024, DoF recognized the FCZ with a 300-m buffer zone for community patrolling. https://www.iucn.org/story/202405/first-community-based-fish-conservation-zone-designated-sittaung-river-myanmar (07 May 2024)

Afghanistan More than 342 people die due to floods Afghanistan is reeling from a devastating series of floods triggered by seasonal rains, resulting in a profound humanitarian crisis. Baghlan province, in particular, has borne the brunt of the catastrophe, with hundreds dead, thousands injured. Following sudden flooding on Friday, May 10, caused by seasonal rains, a devastating toll has been reported in a single province. According to available data, Baghlan province has witnessed a staggering loss, with 342 fatalities and over 1,630 individuals injured. The calamity has also led to the destruction of 2,011 homes, while 2,800 others have suffered damage. https://groundreport.in/world/more-than-342-people-die-in-northern-afghanistan-due-to-floods-4565188 (13 May 2024)

ASIA

MEKONG Vietnam Push to restore flow Facing increasing land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and flooding linked with development, Vietnam has committed to changing its approach to managing the Mekong Delta. New initiatives call for retrofitting dikes and dams to restore flood regimes, using nature as a guide.

– The urgency to save the Mekong Delta has rallied international agencies, development banks, the Vietnamese government, local organizations, academics, and farmers. The delta now attracts more funding for environmental initiatives than any other region in Southeast Asia. Crucially, there is widespread consensus on what needs to be done: leveraging so-called nature-based solutions — NBS in conservation parlance — that use natural processes to promote ecosystem health. https://e360.yale.edu/features/mekong-delta-drought-solutions (08 May 2024)

Tajikistan WB silent on concerns over Rogun hydro In March 2024 17 civil society groups sent an appeal to the World Bank and 10 more international banks and funds urging them to rethink approach to the Rogun Hydro in Tajikistan.

After 40 days of silence The World Bank issued a detailed response which, instead of answering specific questions asked by CSOs, reiterates questionable statements from the substandard “Update of Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment” for the Rogun HPP Project. It took the World Bank 65 days to answer another CSOs’ appeal related to potential biodiversity impacts from this megadam.

The World Bank is not even attempting to answer specific questions asked by CSOs, but rather refuting those by simply quoting the substandard “Update of the ESIA” prepared for Rogun HPP Project. The most vividly this comes up in the discussion about the “avoided CO2 emissions” in order to fulfill the Paris Agreement on climate. https://www.transrivers.org/2024/3938/ (08 May 2024)

THE REST OF THE WORLD

American Rivers Flooding & river conservation In fact, while billions of taxpayer dollars have been spent building dams to stop floods from occurring, and more billions spent building levees to keep floods away from homes, and multi-billions more subsidizing people to rebuild in the aftermath, relatively little has been spent to protect floodplains from new development that will otherwise aggravate future disasters, and little has been invested to help people relocate away from deadly hazards whenever the flood victims are willing to go.

– The Natural Resources Defense Council recently found that every $1.70 our government spends helping people move away from flood hazards has been matched with $100 helping people stay in the danger zone by paying for relief, rebuilding, and subsidized insurance, all in order await the next flood. None of that covers the cost of the dams and levees that are too often ineffective or even hazardous with risks of over-topping and failure in the largest floods—not to mention the well-known damage that dams and levees often do to the nature of rivers.

– The challenge to public policy here goes far beyond practical and pragmatic issues of spending, and directly into the realm of river conservation with goals of healthy rivers in mind. Floods, after all, are natural events that ultimately cannot be stopped by dams and levees. Floods are necessary phenomena that shape streams with essential pools and riffles. Floods recharge groundwater that half our population depends upon for drinking supplies, that nourish riparian corridors as the most important habitats to wildlife, and that create conditions needed for fish to survive and spawn. Rivers need floods and nature (and people) needs floodplains.

– The US Global Change Research Program in 2018 forecast precipitation to grow up to 40 percent across much of the country. Virtually all reputable sources report that flooding will increase with the increasing warming of the planet’s climate. It has to; every 1 degree rise in atmospheric temperature allows the sky to hold 4 percent more water, and it all comes back down as rain or snow.

– Rivers make the news when they saturate the homes where people live, but that’s the bad news. The good news is that floodplains can be protected for when rivers do overflow, and so that our streams can deliver the benefits that only high water can bring, all provided we are not living in the path of the greater floods to come. https://www.americanrivers.org/2024/05/flooding-and-river-conservation/ (07 May 2024)

Report Cities stripping out concrete for earth & plants From Australia to Ontario, cities are taking up unnecessary stretches of concrete and asphalt, allowing nature to take hold in their place. -The question is whether the authorities responsible for cities, and planning, realise this.

-The idea of depaving, sometimes known as desealing, is a simple one – replace as much concrete, asphalt and other forms of hard landscaping as possible with plants and soil. It’s been around since at least 2008, when the Depave group in Portland was founded. Proponents say depaving allows water to soak into the ground, which reduces flooding in times of heavy rain – aiding the “sponginess” of cities. Native plants help wildlife cling on in urban spaces, and by planting trees you can increase shade, protecting residents from heatwaves. Injecting city streets with greenery may even improve people’s mental health, too.

-But if depaving is ever going to really take off, it will have to expand beyond a handful of eager environmentalists and volunteers. With the climate crisis deepening, some cities and even entire regions are beginning to adopt depaving as part of their climate adaptation strategies. It’s time, some say, to start smashing up our concrete streets in a big way – to create spaces better for nature.

-In Hamilton, flooding can cause sewage to get mixed into runoff that flows into Lake Ontario, the source of the city’s drinking water. Green Venture and other local organisations are keen to reduce the chances of that happening, says Casimirri. They view depaving as a key tactic. Certainly, studies have demonstrated that impermeable surfaces in gardens such as concrete increase flood risk in urban areas. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240222-depaving-the-cities-replacing-concrete-with-earth-and-plants (23 Feb. 2024)

Compiled by SANDRP (ht.sandrp@gmail.com)

Also see: DRP News Bulletin 06 May 2024 & DRP News Bulletin 29 April 2024

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